65 Long I-Verbs (4th Conjugation)
“Today we’re going to talk about a family of Latin verbs called Long I-Verbs or verbs of the 4th Conjugation. These verbs are similar to 3rd Conjugation I-Verbs – the main difference is that they have an additional i at the end of their stem. You can identify them in the dictionary because the first principal part of a Long I-Verb always ends in –iō, and the second principal part in –īre (with one exception: fierī)”
veniō, ven-īre, vēn-īto come adveniō, adven-īre, advēn-īto come to inveniō, inven-īre, invēn-īto find, discover audiō, aud-īre, audīv-īto hear, listen to
fiō, fierīto happen, to become, to be made
“When this verb means ‘become’, ‘be made’, it has a nominative subject AND a nominative predicate, like sum, esse, fuī does.”
sciō, sc-īre, scīv-īto know; (with infinitive) to know how to nesciō, nesc-īre, nescīv-īto not know; (with inf.) to not know how to sentiō, sent-īre, sēns-īto sense, feel
“The endings are as follows:”
Long I-Verb Present Active Endings (A)
-iō-īmusveniōvenīmus
-īs-ītisvenīsvenītis
-it-iuntvenitveniunt
I comewe come
you comeyou all come
he she it comesthey come “The passive endings for Long I-Verbs are:”
Long I-Verb Present Passive Endings (B)
-ior-īmuraudioraudīmur
-īris/re-īminīaudīris/reaudīminī
-ītur-iunturaudīturaudiuntur
I am heardwe are heard
you are heardyou all are heard he she it is heardthey are heard
My voice is heard, I feel, and they are coming. Vox mea audītur, sentiō, et veniunt.
“TODAY WRITE THE MARKED UP AND THE SMOOTHED-OUT VERSION OF EACH SENTENCE.”
Eane venit? Nesciō. (1)
Audiuntur iūris vōcēs. (2)
Do you hear me? I come to you a goddess, not a woman. (3) “What case are the nouns ‘goddess’ and ‘woman’? Hint: same case as the pronoun ‘I’.”
“In the imperfect of Long I-Verbs, an i appears before the –ēbā– endings, both in the active and passive:”
Long I-Verb Imperfect Active Endings (C)
-iēbam-iēbāmusveniēbamveniēbāmus
-iēbās-iēbātisveniēbāsveniēbātis
-iēbat-iēbantveniēbatveniēbant
I was comingwe were coming
you were comingyou all were coming he she it was comingthey were coming
Long I-Verb Imperfect Passive Endings (D)
-iēbar-iēbāmuraudiēbaraudiēbāmur
-iēbāris/re-iēbāminīaudiēbāris/reaudiēbāminī
-iēbātur-iēbanturaudiēbāturaudiēbantur
I was being heardwe were being heard you were being heardyou all were being heard he she it was being heardthey were being heard
We were listening to Caesar. Were you not knowing? His voice was being sensed. (4)
“In the future, there is an i before the future endings we saw on I-Verbs (3rd Conjugation), both in the active and the passive:”
Long I-Verb Future Active Endings (E)
-iam-iēmusveniamveniēmus
-iēs-iētisveniēsveniētis
-iet-ientvenietvenient
I will comewe will come
you will comeyou all will come he she it will comethey will come
Long I-Verb Future Passive Endings (F)
-iar-iēmuraudiaraudiēmur
-iēris/re-iēminīaudiēris/reaudiēminī
-iētur-ienturaudiēturaudientur
I will be heardwe will be heard you will be heardyou all will be heard he she it will be heard they will be heard
Mē audiētis, cum viam inveniam. (5)
I will find him, and his love will be felt. (6)
“The Perfect Tense forms are the same as those of the other verb conjugations (A-, E-, and I- Verbs). The Long I-Verb infinitives have a long ī plus the active re and the passive rī:”
Infinitive Endings
ActivePassive
A-Verbāreārī
E-Verbēreērī
I-Verbereī
Long I-Verbīreīrīaudīreaudīrī (G)
to hearto be heard
“The Imperative endings are simply –ī and –īte. But for sciō, the imperatives are the old-fashioned forms scītō and scītōte:”
Imperative Endings
ActivePassive
SingularPluralSingularPlural A-Verbāāteāreāminī
E-Verbēēteēreēminī
I-Verbeiteereiminī
Long I-Verb īīteīreīminī (H) audīaudīteaudīreaudīminī “Listen!”“Listen, you all!”“Be heard!”“Be heard!”
Venī! Scīre audīre dēbēs! (7)
“Do you understand that?”
Long I-Verbs are basically I-Verbs with some extra i’s, I said.