71 Mixed I-Verbs
“There will be a little drama for us to witness in just a bit. Before that happens, I want to teach you some new words that will help you understand things. They belong to a family of I-Verbs called Mixed I-Verbs or 3rd Declension –iō:”
capiō, cap-ere, cēp-īto take, pick up
accipiō, accip-ere, accēp-īto receive
incipiō, incip-ere, incēp-īto begin
cupiō, cup-ere, cupīv-īto desire
faciō, fac-ere, fēc-īto make, to do dēficio, dēfic-ere, defēc-īto fail, run out fugiō, fug-ere, fūg-īto flee
iaciō, iac-ere, iēc-īto throw
dēiciō, dēic-ere, dēiēc-īto throw down
“Don’t confuse this with iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, which means ‘to lie down’.”
“What do these verbs all have in common?”
They have an –iō in the first principal part, but –ere in the second.
“That’s right. These are I-Verbs because they have the same infinitive ending as regular I-Verbs:
–ere. In the present tense, they have the –is, –it, –imus, and –itis endings of regular I-Verbs (Reg.), but have the –iō and –iunt endings of Long I-Verbs (Long):”
Mixed I-Verbs, Present Tense Active (A)
-iō (Long)-imus (Reg.)faciōfacimus
-is (Reg.)-itis (Reg.)facisfacitis
-it (Reg.)-iunt (Long)facitfaciunt
I makewe make
you makeyou all make
he she it makesthey make
Nātūra, nōn ordō, virum bonum facit. (1)
The light of the moon fails, the stars flee, and the day begins. (2)
“The imperfect endings and the future endings are exactly the same as those for Long I-Verbs – that is, they have the extra –i- before the vowel:”
Mixed I-Verbs, Imperfect and Future Active (B)
-iēbam-iēbāmusfaciēbamfaciēbāmus
-iēbās-iēbātisfaciēbāsfaciēbātis
-iēbat-iēbantfaciēbatfaciēbant
I was makingwe were making you were makingyou all were making he she it was making they were making
-iam-iēmusfaciamfaciēmus
-iēs-iētisfaciēsfaciētis
-iet-ientfacietfacient
I will makewe will make
you will makeyou all will make he she it will makethey will make
“Passive forms are made in the usual way by replacing the active personal endings with passive personal endings. The perfect active is made by adding the perfect endings to the perfect stem.”
Rōmam īre viā nōtā incipiam. (3)
Litterāsne eās dē bellō recēpistī? (4)
The liberty of the country will fail, just as it failed before. (5)
So many men were being taken by the enemy before the eyes of the citizens. (6)
“The passive Infinitive ending is just –ī, the same as it is for regular I-Verbs.”
“The endings of imperative Mixed I-Verbs are –e and –ite, active, and –ere and –iminī, passive.” Infinitives and Imperatives, Mixed I-Verbs (C)
InfinitivesImperatives
S.Pl.
-erecapere-e-itecapecapite
-īcapī-ere-iminīcaperecapiminī
to takeTake!Take, you all!
to be takenBe taken!Be taken, you all!
Pick up the miserable head of the man with great care, Tiro, bring it home, save it for the tomb. (7)
“To sum up: Mixed-I Verbs (3rd -iō) have Long-I (4th Conjugation) endings, except in the infinitive, the imperative singular, and the four short –i- endings in the present tense.”
“Here is some additional vocabulary for you to learn:” 1st Decl. Noun
unda, und-aef.wave
2nd Decl. Noun
ferrum, ferr-īn.sword; iron
3rd Decl. Nouns
iter, itiner-isn.journey
pectus, pector-isn.chest, ‘heart’ “The place where you feel emotion”
Irregular Verb
ōd-ī, ōdisseto hate “Like meminī, this verb has perfect forms with present meaning.”
I-Verbs (3rd Conj.)
agō, ag-ere, ēg-īto do, drive
age or agiteCome on!
agere vītamto lead a life
cōgō, cōg-ere, coēg-īto force, compel
“This is a compound of cō-(for cum) and agō.”
premō, prem-ere, press-īto press, stand upon, oppress
“These three adjectives have the same irregular endings as ūnus, a, um: īus in the genitive singular (tōtīus, nūllīus, ūllīus), ī in the dative singular (tōtī, nūllī, ūllī):”
tōtus, tōt-a, tōtumthe whole
nūllus, nūll-a, nūllumno, not any