Latin to English Vocabulary: Explōrātiōnēs 1-6 (Adventures 1-6)
Grammatical Forms: Explōrātiōnēs 1-6 (Adventures 1-6)
Singular Personal Pronouns, All Case Forms
Singular Interrogative Pronouns
Singular Case Endings, Declensions 1-5
Imperative Verb Forms: A-Verbs and E-Verbs
Pronouns
Singular Personal Pronouns, All Case Forms
| Case | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person (m., f., n.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ego | tū | is, ea, id |
| Genitive | meī | tuī | eius, eius, eius |
| Dative | mihi | tibi | eī, eī, eī |
| Accusative | mē | tē | eum, eam, id |
| Ablative | mē | tē | eō, eā, eō |
Singular Personal Pronouns, All Case Forms, Translated
| Case | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | I | you | he, she, it |
| Genitive | of me | of you | his, hers, its |
| Dative | to/for me | to/for you | to/for him, her, it |
| Accusative | me | you | him, her, it |
| Ablative | prep. + me | prep. + you | prep. + him, her, it |
Singular Interrogative Pronouns
| Case | Latin Pronoun (m., f.) | English Translation | Latin Pronoun (n.) | English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | quis | who? | quid | what? |
| Genitive | cuius | whose?; of whom? | cuius | of what? |
| Dative | cui | to/for whom? | cui | to/for which? |
| Accusative | quem | whom? | quid | what? |
| Ablative | quō | prep. + whom? | quō | prep. + what? |
Nouns
Singular Case Endings, Declensions 1-5
| Case | 1st decl. | 2nd decl. | 3rd decl. | 4th decl. | 5th decl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | vi-a | amīc-us | rēx | man-us | r-ēs |
| Gen. | vi-ae | amīc-ī | rēg-is | man-ūs | r-eī |
| Dat. | vi-ae | amīc-ō | rēg-ī | man-uī | r-eī |
| Acc. | vi-am | amīc-um | rēg-em | man-um | r-em |
| Abl. | vi-ā | amīc-ō | rēg-e | man-ū | r-ē |
Verbs
Verb Personal Endings
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | -m or -ō | -mus |
| 2nd person | -s | -tis |
| 3rd person | -t | -nt |
Forms of sum, Present Tense
| Person | Singular (Latin) | Singular (English) | Plural (Latin) | Plural (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | sum | I am | sumus | we are |
| 2nd Person | es | you are | estis | you all are |
| 3rd Person | est | he, she, it is | sunt | they are |
Forms of sum, Imperfect Tense
| Person | Singular (Latin) | Singular (English) | Plural (Latin) | Plural (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | eram | I was | erāmus | we were |
| 2nd Person | erās | you were | erātis | you all were |
| 3rd Person | erat | he, she, it was | erant | they were |
Forms of sum, Future Tense
| Person | Singular (Latin) | Singular (English) | Plural (Latin) | Plural (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | erō | I will be | erimus | we will be |
| 2nd Person | eris | you will be | eritis | you all will be |
| 3rd Person | erit | he, she, it will be | erunt | they will be |
A-Verb Present Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ō | -ā-mus | cōgit-ō | cōgit-āmus | I think | we think |
| -ā-s | -ā-tis | cōgit-ās | cōgit-ātis | you think | you all think |
| -a-t | -a-nt | cōgit-at | cōgit-ant | he, she, it thinks | they think |
E-Verb Present Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -e-ō | -ē-mus | dēbeō | dēbēmus | I need | we need |
| -ē-s | -ē-tis | dēbēs | dēbētis | you need | you all need |
| -e-t | -e-nt | dēbet | dēbent | he, she, it needs | they need |
A-Verb Imperfect Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ā-bam | -ā-bāmus | cōgitābam | cōgitābāmus | I was thinking | we were thinking |
| -ā-bās | -ā-bātis | cōgitābās | cōgitābātis | you were thinking | you all were thinking |
| -ā-bat | -ā-bant | cōgitābat | cōgitābant | he, she, it was thinking | they were thinking |
E-Verb Imperfect Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ē-bam | -ē-bāmus | habēbam | habēbāmus | I was having | we were having |
| -ē-bās | -ē-bātis | habēbās | habēbātis | you were having | you all were having |
| -ē-bat | -ē-bant | habēbat | habēbant | he, she, it was having | they were having |
A-Verb Future Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ā-bō | -ā-bimus | cōgitābō | cōgitābimus | I will think | we will think |
| -ā-bis | -ā-bitis | cōgitābis | cōgitābitis | you will think | you all will think |
| -ā-bit | -ā-bunt | cōgitābit | cōgitābunt | he, she, it will think | they will think |
E-Verb Future Tense Forms
| Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ē-bō | -ē-bimus | iubēbō | iubēbimus | I will order | we will order |
| -ē-bis | -ē-bitis | iubēbis | iubēbitis | you will order | you all will order |
| -ē-bit | -ē-bunt | iubēbit | iubēbunt | he, she, it will order | they will order |
Imperative Verb Forms: A-Verbs and E-Verbs
| Verb Conjugation | Ending Singular | Ending Plural | Verb Stem + Ending Singular | Verb Stem + Ending Plural | English Translation Singular | English Translation Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-Verbs | -ā | -āte | cōgitā | cōgitāte | Think! | Think, (you all)! |
| E-Verbs | -ē | -ēte | movē | movēte | Move! | Move, (you all)! |
Latin to English Vocabulary: Explōrātiōnēs 1-6
(Adventures 1-6)
| Latin | English Meaning |
|---|---|
| ā / ab + abl. | away from; from |
| ad + acc. | to; towards |
| adulēscēns | young adult; young man; young woman “Someone in their 20s,” she added. |
| aliquid | something |
| amīcus, amīc-ī, m. | friend |
| amō, am-āre | to love |
| amor, amōr-is, m. | love |
| animus, anim-ī, m. | mind (singular); passions (plural) |
| atque / ac | and |
| bene | well (as in ‘I feel well’, not a water source) “This always comes before a verb in Latin, not after it.” |
| bonus, bona, bonum | good |
| cōgitō, cōgit-āre | to think; plan |
| cōnsul, cōnsul-is, m. | consul (the two highest elected officials at Rome) |
| cum | when |
| cum + abl. | with |
| cūra, cūr-ae, f. | care; concern “Not ‘cure’!” |
| dē + abl. | about; from |
| dea, de-ae, f. | goddess |
| dēbeō, dēb-ēre | to need (to do something); to owe |
| deinde / dein | then |
| deus, de-ī, m. | god (Nominative plural is dī) |
| dō, d-are | I give, to give |
| doceō, doc-ēre | to teach |
| dolor, dolōr-is, m. | pain |
| duo, duae, duo | two |
| ē / ex + abl. | out of; from; based on |
| et | and |
| et… et | both… and |
| familia, famili-ae, f. | family |
| fēmina, fēmin-ae, f. | woman |
| fidēs, fid-eī, f. | trust; trustworthiness |
| fīlia, fīli-ae, f. | daughter |
| fīlius, fīli-ī, m. | son |
| furor, furōr-is, m. | madness |
| geminī | twins (male) |
| habeō, hab-ēre | to have; to hold |
| iaceō, iac-ēre | to lie “As in: to lie on the ground.” |
| iam | now; already |
| in + acc. | into (a place); against (someone/thing); for (a purpose) |
| in + abl. | in; on; in the case of |
| inimīcus, inimīc-ī, m. | enemy, “A personal enemy – an ‘unfriend’.” |
| īra, īr-ae, f. | anger |
| iubeō, iub-ēre | to order |
| labor, labōr-is, m. | struggle; effort |
| lēx, lēg-is, f. | law |
| lībertās, lībertāt-is, f. | freedom |
| lūx, lūc-is, f. | light |
| malus, mala, malum | bad |
| maneō, man-ēre | to remain; stay; await |
| manus, man-ūs, f. | hand |
| mors, mort-is, f. | death |
| mōs, mōr-is, m. | custom (singular); behavior (plural) |
| moveō, mov-ēre | to move |
| mūtō, mūt-āre | to change |
| -ne | “Introduces a yes-or-no question; it is attached to the first word of the question.” |
| nec / neque | nor |
| nec… nec | neither… nor |
| neque… neque | neither… nor |
| nīl / nihil | nothing |
| nisi | unless; except |
| nōmen mihi est | my name is |
| nōn | not “The word nōn is normally put before the verb in Latin.” |
| nox, noct-is, f. | night |
| nunc | now |
| parēns | parent |
| parō, par-āre | to prepare; acquire |
| patria, patri-ae, f. | country |
| per + acc. | through |
| populus, popul-ī, m. | people |
| puella, puell-ae, f. | girl |
| puer, puer-ī, m. | boy |
| -que | and |
| quis (m. / f.), quid (n.) | who?; what? |
| quisquis | whoever |
| quoque | too |
| rēs, r-eī, f. | thing; fact; matter; property |
| rēs pūblica, r-eī pūblic-ae, f. | republic; commonwealth |
| rēx, rēg-is, m. | king |
| rogō, rog-āre | to ask |
| sed | but |
| senātus, senāt-ūs, m. | Senate |
| servō, serv-āre | to save; preserve “Note: this does not mean ‘to serve’!” |
| sī | if |
| sīc | thus; so |
| sī fierī potest | if it is possible |
| sine + abl. | without |
| spērō, spēr-āre | to hope |
| spēs, sp-ēī, f. | hope |
| sum, esse | to be |
| timeō, tim-ēre | to fear |
| timor, timōr-is, m. | fear |
| ūnus, ūna, ūnum | one |
| urbs, urb-is, f. | city |
| valeō, val-ēre | to be strong “You only need one Latin word to translate the two English words ‘be strong’!” |
| via, vi-ae, f. | road; journey |
| videō, vid-ēre | to see |
| vir, vir-ī, m. | man |
| vīta, vīt-ae, f. | life |
| vocō, voc-āre | to call |
| vōx, vōc-is, f. | voice; word |
