76 volucer, volucr-is, volucreflying
Why are there just two endings, if there are three genders, and what’s up with the last one, which has three forms?
“Good questions. When there are two forms, the first one is used when the adjective modifies a masculine or feminine noun. Below are the endings for it; they are all I-stem Third-Declension endings, but with –ī in the ablative singular:”
Third Declension Adjectives, Masculine/Feminine Forms (A)
SingularPlural
Nom.dulc-isdulc-ēs
Gen.dulc-isdulc-ium
Dat.dulc-īdulc-ibus
Acc.dulc-emdulc-īs or -ēs
Abl.dulc-īdulc-ibus
“When there are two forms given, the second one is used to modify neuter nouns. The endings are identical to those for mare, maris:”
Third Declension Adjectives, Neuter Forms (B)
SingularPlural Nom.dulc-edulc-ia
Gen.dulc-isdulc-ium
Dat.dulc-īdulc-ibus
Acc.dulc-edulc-ia
Abl.dulc-īdulc-ibus
“So in your vocab., the form in –is is for masculine or feminine, the form in -e is for neuter.”
“There are, however, a few Third Declension Adjectives, like volucer, that have –er in the masculine nominative singular – in all other cases, genders, and numbers, the endings are like those of dulcis, dulce, shown above. The Stem is formed from the Feminine nominative singular, which ends in –is. The neuter, volucre, behaves just like dulce, above.”
Third Declension Adjectives with –er, Masculine/Feminine Forms (C)
SingularPlural
Nom.volucer, M. / volucr-is, F.volucr-ēs
Gen.volucr-isvolucr-ium
Dat.volucr-īvolucr-ibus
Acc.volucr-emvolucr-īs or -ēs
Abl.volucr-īvolucr-ibus
“Some common substantives are based on these new adjectives:”
omnis, omn-ism.everyone (sg.); all [people] (pl.)
omne, omn-isn.everything (sg.); all [things] (pl.)
iuvenis, iuven-ism./f.a youth, young person
“Occasionally you will see the genitive plural without the expected –i- for I-stems: iuvenum, ‘of young people’, volucrum, ‘of winged beings/birds’. Now try these.”
“TODAY, UNDERLINE ANY ADJECTIVES YOU ENCOUNTER ALONG WITH THE NOUNS THEY MODIFY, AND MARK THEIR GENDER, CASE, AND NUMBER. THEN TRANSLATE.”
Mollēs sunt amōris mutuī vōcēs. (1)
Vidēsne somnium dulce omnī nocte? (2)
In somniō dux nūmen, virgine cernēbat vōcemque ex ōre decōrō audiēbat. (3)
Lacrimae dulcēs cadent eō diē cum hunc iuvenem vidēbis. (4)
Nōn es qualis erās, vīrēs enim omnēs tuae tibi dēficere videntur. (5) Omnis nōmina nōbilia, ōra pulchra etiam lacrimās decōrās amat. (6) These wars will be waged again by a harsh god and necessity. (7)
Flying Cupid with his sweet mother was confusing my soul with another love. (8) Under the command of the gods, all things are changed; nothing remains unmoved. (9) Soft bodies are captured by sweet words, not arms. (10)
My life will be sweet when I see the faces of all the famous young men and young women. (11)
Quam diū etiam furor tuus nōs ēlūdet? (12). “From Cicero against Catiline. The
verb ēlūdō is an I-Verb that means ‘to mock.”
The procession was coming closer now; we could not see them, but we heard the tromp of their feet, and the clear tink-tonk-tonk of a single hand-harp being played.