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Licensing Details

Unless otherwise noted, this book is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License also known as a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. This means you are free to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon this book, as long as you share derivative materials using a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.  Under this license, anyone who redistributes this textbook can do so for free providing they properly attribute the book as follows:

Introduction to Planetary Geology by Dara Laczniak is published under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 international license, except where otherwise noted.

Additionally, if you redistribute this textbook, in whole or in part, in either a print or digital format, then you must retain on every physical and/or electronic page the following attribution:

https://pressbooks.cuny.edu/introplanetarygeology/

This work, Introduction to Planetary Geology, is primarily adapted from the following open textbooks:

OpenStax’s Astronomy 2e (2022) by Andrew Fraknoi, David Morrison, and Sidney Wolff is published under a CC BY 4.0 (Attribution) international license, except where otherwise noted.

Physical Geology – 2nd Edition (2019) by Steven Earle is published under a CC BY 4.0 (Attribution) international license, except where otherwise noted.

An Introduction to Geology (2017) by Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, and Cam Mosher is published under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) international license, except where otherwise noted.

Introduction to Earth Science, Second Edition (2025) by Laura Neser is published under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) international license, except where otherwise noted.

Physical Geology, First University of Saskatchewan Edition (2019) by Karla Panchuk is published under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) international license, except where otherwise noted.