Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1. Organisms and their environment. (A. Rodriguez)

1.1 Theories on the origin of earth and the origin of earth’s atmosphere.

1.2 Theories on the origin of organisms.

1.3 The ever-changing environment. Abiotic and biotic factors.

Chapter 2. The need for regulation and the need for scaling. (A. Rodriguez; J. Levitt; R. Anderson)

2.1 Aquatic environments.

2.2 Water biophysics.

2.3 Terrestrial environments.

Chapter 3. Water and solute balance in different environments. (A. Rodriguez; H. Oviedo)

3.1 Solute and water transport. Single cells. Multicellular organisms: organs and regulation systems.

3.2 Marine and fresh water organisms.

3.3 Terrestrial organisms.

Chapter 4. Gas and fluid transport. (J. Edelman; J. Levitt)

4.1 Ventilation in water and air; gas transfer, organs and processes.

4.2 Circulatory systems; fluid transport, organs and processes.

Chapter 5. Bioenergetics. (F. Firooznia; J. Edelman)

5.1 Metabolism.

5.2 Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

5.3 Respiration.

Chapter 6. Internal communication. (A. Rudenko; O. Whitney; H. Oviedo)

6.1 Control systems.

6.2 Endocrine systems.

6.3 Nervous systems.