Bibliography
Book Print
Anderson, J., & Byrne, D. N. (2004). The unfinished agenda of Brown v. Board of Education. J. Wiley & Sons. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/1nmngs/alma990066129740106128
Cottrol, R. J. (2003). Brown v. Board of Education: Caste, culture, and the constitution. University Press of Kansas. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/1nmngs/alma990048346390106128
Kluger, R. (2004). Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/20v1bi/alma990052482800106128
Case Open Access
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/347/483/
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 349 U.S. 294 (1955). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/349/294/
Case Summary OER and Open Access
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1). (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483
“Plessy v. Ferguson.” Oyez, www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537. Accessed 5 Feb. 2023.
Street Law Inc. (n.d.). Plessy v. Ferguson 1896. LandmarkCases. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://www.landmarkcases.org/assets/site_18/files/plessy_v_ferguson/student/case_summary_hs_plessy_student.pdf
eBook (John Jay College Community Access)
Hockett, J. D. (2013). A Storm over This Court: Law, Politics, and Supreme Court Decision Making in Brown v. Board of Education. University of Virginia Press. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/11qd863/cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks_9780813933757
Klarman, M. J. (2004). From Jim Crow to civil rights the Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality. Oxford University Press. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/1nmngs/alma9994298995206128
Klarman, M. J. (2007). Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights movement: Abridged edition of From Jim Crow to civil rights : the Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality. Oxford University Press. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/1nmngs/alma990070993520106128
Lau, P. F. (2004). From the grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American democracy (1st ed.). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822386100
Patterson, J. T. (2001). Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy. Oxford University Press. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/11qd863/cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks_9780199880843
Torres, J. A., & Fireside, H. (2016). Desegregating Schools: Brown V. Board of Education (1st ed.). Enslow Publishing, LLC. https://cuny-jj.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_JJ/11qd863/cdi_proquest_ebookcentral_EBC5429049
eBook Open Access
Chesnutt, C. W. (n.d.). The Marrow of Tradition. The Project Gutenberg. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11228/pg11228.html.utf8
Du Bois, W. E. B. (n.d.). The Souls of Black Folk. The Project Gutenberg. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/408/408-h/408-h.htm
Hoffer, Wlliam. J. H. (2012). Plessy v. Ferguson: Race and Inequality in Jim Crow America. University Press of Kansas. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25110149M/Plessy_v._Ferguson
U.S. History. (n.d.-a). Retrieved August 19, 2022, from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/19-2-the-african-american-great-migration-and-new-european-immigration
U.S. History. (n.d.-b). Retrieved August 19, 2022, from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/24-introduction
U.S. History. (n.d.-c). Retrieved August 19, 2022, from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/21-3-new-voices-for-women-and-african-americans
Wells, I. B. (n.d.). The Red Record Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States. In Chapter 1 The Case Started. Digital History. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=3&psid=3620
Library Database (John Jay College Community Access)
Alridge, D. P. (2015). On the Education of Black Folk: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Paradox of Segregation. The Journal of African American History, 100(3), 473–493. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.3.0473
Blee, K., & McDowell, A. (2013). The duality of spectacle and secrecy: a case study of fraternalism in the 1920s US Ku Klux Klan. Ethnic & Racial Studies, 36(2), 249–265. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=84918630&site=ehost-live
Collins, S., & Sturdevant, K. S. (2008). The History and Rhetoric of the NAACP: The Origins. Black History Bulletin, 71(2), 12–21. https://login.ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?qurl=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24759638
From Slavery to Segregation. (2018). 6–19. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30692.4
Grant, O. B. (2003). Social Justice Versus Social Equality: The Capitalistic Jurisprudence of Marcus Garvey. Journal of Black Studies, 33(4), 490–498. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3180876
Ham, D. N. (2004). Expert Witnesses: The Naacp Legal Defense Fund’s Strategy for Brown. Black History Bulletin, 67(1–4), 6–8. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=30h&AN=27417826&site=ehost-live
IJERE, M. O. (1974). W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey as Pan-Africanists : A Study in Contrast. Présence Africaine, 89, 188–206. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24349712
LeFlouria, T. L. (2015). “Under the Sting of the Lash”: Gendered Violence, Terror, and Resistance in the South’s Convict Camps. The Journal of African American History, 100(3), 366–384. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.3.0366
Lerner, G. (1974). Early Community Work of Black Club Women. The Journal of Negro History, 59(2), 158–167. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717327
Litwack, L. F. (2004). Jim Crow Blues. OAH Magazine of History, 18(2), 7–58. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163654
Tushnet, M. V. (1987). The NAACP’s Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, 1925-1950. Univ of North Carolina Press. http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/johnjay-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3039441
OER
A People’s History of New York City. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courses/a-people-s-history-of-new-york-city
African American History and Culture in the United States. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courses/edsitement-s-guide-to-black-history-month-teaching-resources
Competing Voices of the Civil Rights Movement. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courses/competing-voices-of-the-civil-rights-movement
Introduction to Sociology 2e, Race and Ethnicity, Race and Ethnicity in the United States. (n.d.). Rice University. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/11803/overview?section=3
Kang, M., Lessard, D., Heston, L., & Nordmarken, S. (2017). Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies. University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. http://openbooks.library.umass.edu/introwgss/front-matter/introduction-to-women-gender-sexuality-studies/
Reconstruction amendments. In Constitutional Law. (n.d.). Wiki Knights. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://pressbooks.online.ucf.edu/constitutionallaw/chapter/reconstruction-amendments/
Slavery to Liberation: The African American Experience. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courses/slavery-to-liberation-the-african-american-experience
The African American Struggle for Civil Rights. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/15544
U.S. History, Contesting Futures: America in the 1960s, The Civil Rights Movement Marches On. (n.d.). OER Commons. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/15549
Article Open Access
African American Studies Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved August 15, 2022, from http://network.bepress.com/arts-and-humanities/race-ethnicity-and-post-colonial-studies/african-american-studies/
Bois, W. E. B. D. (1935). Does the Negro need Separate Schools? The Journal of Negro Education, 4(3), 328. https://doi.org/10.2307/2291871
Cohen, D. (2021). NYC School Segregation Report Card. 99. https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/nyc-school-segregation-report-card-still-last-action-needed-now/ES-from-NYC_6-09-final-for-post.pdf
Douglass, F. (1894). Lynching Black People Because They Are Black. The Christian Educator. https://iowaculture.gov/sites/default/files/history-education-pss-migration-douglass-transcription.pdf
Hurston, Z. N. (1928). How It Feels to be Colored Me. World Tomorrow. https://www.wheelersburg.net/Downloads/Hurston.pdf
Jones, D. M. (n.d.). Darkness Made visible: Law, Metaphor, and the Racial Self. Geo. LJ, 82, 437. Georgetown Law Journal, 82(2), 437–511. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1367&context=fac_articles
Locke, A. (1925). Enter the New Negro. Survey Graphic, 6. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/migrations/text8/lockenewnegro.pdf
Orfield, G., & Danielle, J. (2020). Black Segregation Matters. 40. https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration- and-diversity/black-segregation-matters-school-resegregation-and-black-educational-opportunity/BLACK-SEGREGATION-MATTERS-final-121820.pdf
Peter, I. (2004). Jim Crow’s Schools. American Federation of Teachers. https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/summer-2004/jim-crows-schools
Primary Source Open Access
Douglass, F. (1894). Lynching Black People Because They Are Black. The Christian Educator. https://iowaculture.gov/sites/default/files/history-education-pss-migration-douglass-transcription.pdf
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). Training Negroes for Social Power. Black Past. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/w-e-b-du-bois-training-negroes-social-power-1903/
Video Recording Open Access
Alain Locke: Father of the Harlem Renaissance – Wyatt Miles. (2020, March 12). John Doe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o3PYXM9ydo
As blacks fled Jim Crow, Tensions Rose in North. (2019, July 23). Associated Press. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdR6Q4JL1EA
Billie Holiday “Strange Fruit” Live 1959. (2018, February 22). Reelin’ In The Years Archives. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DGY9HvChXk
Black Art, Jazz, and Cultural Dilemma of the Harlem Renaissance. (2020, November 3). Black History Resources (African Elements). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9K2QBOPikQ
Black Excellist: 10 Things to Know About Zora Neale Hurston Harlem Renaissance Writer. (2021, February 17). Black Excellence Excellist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hReNfacugko
Black History in Two Minutes or so. (2019, September 11). Separate But Equal: Homer Plessy and the Case That Upheld the Color Line. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpY_T5dYjgo
Convict Leasing | Black History in Two Minutes or So. (2019, May 16). Black History in Two Minutes (or so). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fATymSYfSWA
CrashCourse. (2021, October 15). Plessy v Ferguson and Segregation: Crash Course Black American History #21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbZUQGPMTjk
Daily Dose Documentary. (2021, January 6). Jim Crow Laws and the Segregated South. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYynBR7heVQ
Elaine Massacre: The bloodiest racial conflict in U.S. history. (2018, October 1). New York Post. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jdm1LukEN7w
Harlem Renaissance – Black History Moment of the Week. (2016, September 30). The Fountain of Praise. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkTVYtjKiF8
Heathcott, J. (2005). Black Archipelago: Politics and Civic Life in the Jim Crow City. Journal of Social History, 38(3), 705–736. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790652
History of the Black Colleges & Universities. (2020a, April 3). The Darkwarrior Perspective. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1JmNs_UaE4
History of the Black Colleges & Universities. (2020b, April 15). The Darkwarrior Perspective. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4S8FHSRH0lU
How to Make a Video for Class. (2018, July 19). Lasseter’s Lab. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x57hI9bz_08
Instructormarks. (2014, February 14). Plessy v Ferguson and Jim Crow Era. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoOlEPoc1PE
Jim Crow Blues. (2010, June 9). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq0lXTTS_1E
Kulish, M., & Elwood, W. (n.d.). The Road to Brown. California Newsreel. Retrieved August 5, 2022, from https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/the-road-to-brown
Lift Every Voice and Sing. (2017, May 11). Mark Manring. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyZkRgQ4ZnQ
Lynching. (2020, June 12). Black History in Two Minutes (or so). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKz5BV7k0Tw
O’Reilly, K. (1997). The Jim Crow Policies of Woodrow Wilson. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 17, 117–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/2963252
Phoenix Sankofa. (2016, July 15). The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow: Episode 2 Fighting Back. PBS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utwE5ZPd7Gk
Plessy Washington DuBois. (2016, October 5). Teacher UHS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zimQ7umI-ww
Seattle Channel. (2020, February 14). Untold Stories of Black Women in the Suffrage Movement. Seattle Channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br6b9sIuIDU
Separate But Not Equal: The Stories Behind Brown v. Board of Education. (2020, March 28). Joe Geraghty. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-hWSZfQv8w
Simple Justice 1993 Movie. (2022, February 18). TheBlackestPanther. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBIH8meT5G0
Slavery by Another Name. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved August 5, 2022, from https://www.pbs.org/video/slavery-another-name-slavery-video/
The First Resurgence. (2015, January 3). PBS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vz5p9VE0JAk
The Founding of the NAACP. (2020, May 1). NBC News Learn. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWCiEln_hNg
The Origins of Lynching Culture in the United States. (2015, April 7). Facing History and Ourselves. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPdh46k7b38
The Red Summer. (2020, June 18). Black History in Two Minutes (or so). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwT-VrQVlOU
The Second Era Klan | KKK: Beneath the Hood. (2013, March 18). Discovery. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jvrbo_nTIU
The Story of Marcus Garvey A Documentary. (2017, August 11). IBW21st. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpsKWGIZIhw
W.E.B. DuBois vs Booker T. Washington (Round 1). (2021, November 14). Black History Resources (African Elements). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_uxk4DZLQA
Why “Lift Every Voice and Sing” is known as the Black National Anthem? (2020, July 29). 11Alive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiqyAomcWFA
Within Our Gates (1920) Oscar Micheaux Silent Film. (2011, December 19). The Riverbends Channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1E0NrcnwAE
Webpage
Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech. (n.d.). History Matters. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/39/
De Facto Segregation Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes. (2016, June 25). Legal Dictionary. https://legaldictionary.net/de-facto-segregation/
EJI. (n.d.). “Massive Resistance” | Equal Justice Initiative. Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://segregationinamerica.eji.org/
Foundation, P. (2022, August 5). The Negro Speaks of Rivers by Langston Hughes [Text/html]. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44428/the-negro-speaks-of-rivers
Longley, R. (2021). What Is De Jure Segregation? Definition and Examples. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/de-jure-segregation-definition-4692595
McKay, C. (2022, August 4). If We Must Die [Text/html]. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44694/if-we-must-die
Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, Ethiopia, 1921. (n.d.). National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://nmaahc.si.edu/meta-vaux-warrick-fuller-ethiopia-1921
The Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller Collection – Danforth. (n.d.). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://danforth.framingham.edu/exhibition/meta-fuller/
Who Is Black? One Nation’s Definition. (n.d.). FRONTLINE PBS. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/mixed/onedrop.html
